MK Ultra

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PROJECT MKIULTRA, THE CIA'S PROGRAM OF RESEARCH INBEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION

JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE

SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE AND THE

SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF THE

COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE NINETY-FIFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION

AUGUST 3, 1977

Printed for the use of the Select Committee on Intelligence and Committee on Human Resources

PROJECT MKULTRA, THE CIA'S PROGRAM OF RESEARCH INBEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION

JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE

SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE AND THE

SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF THE

COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE NINETY-FIFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION

AUGUST 3, 1977

Printed for the use of the Select Committee on Intelligence and Committee on Human Resources U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 96-4080

WASHINGTON : 1977

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 Stock No. 052-070-04357-1

SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE (Established by S. Res. 400, 94th Cong., 2d sess.) DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii, Chairman BARRY GOLDWATER, Arizona, Vice Chairman BIRCH BAYH, Indiana ADLAI E. STEVENSON, Illinois WILLIAM D. HATHAWAY, Maine WALTER D. HUDDLESTON, Kentucky JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware ROBERT MORGAN, North Carolina GARY HART, Colorado DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, New York

CLIFFORD P. CAISE, New Jersey JAKE GARN, Utah CHARLES MCC. MATHIAS, JR., Maryland JAMES B. PEARSON, Kansas JOHN H. CHAFEE, Rhode Island RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana MALCOLM WALLOP, Wyoming

ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia, Ex Officio fember. HOWARD H. BAKER, JR., Tennessee, Ex Officio Member WILLIAM G. MILLER, Staff Director EARL D. EISENHOWER, Minority Staff Director AUDREY H. HATRY, Chief Clerk

COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCES HARRISON A. WILLIAMS Ja., New Jersey, Chairman JENNINGS RANDOLPH, West Virginia 'CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts GAYLORD NELSON, WisconsinTHOMAS F. EAGLETON, Missouri ALAN CRANSTON, California WILLIAM D. HATHAWAY, Maine Michigan DONALD W. RIEGLE,

JACOB K. JAVITS, New York RICHARD S. S'CHWEIKER, Pennsylvania ROBERT T. STAFFORD, Vermont ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah JOHN H. CHAPEE, Rhode Island S. I. HAYAKAWA, California S.,

STEPHEN J. PARADISE, General Counsel and Staff Director MARJORIE M. WHITTAKER, Chief Clerk DON A. ZIMMERMAN, Minority Counsel

SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts, Chairman CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island GAYLORD NELSON, Wisconsin WILLIAM D. HATHAWAY, Maine HARRISON A. WILLIAMS, JR., New Jersey

RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER, Pennsylvania JACOB K. JAVITS, New York JOHN H. iCHAFEE, Rhode Island

(ex officlio) LAWRENCE HOROWITZ, ProfessionalStaff Member DAVID WINSTON, Minority Counsel

CONTESTS Statements of: Admiral Stansfield Turner, Director, Central Intelligence Agency; accompanied by; Frank Laubinger, Office of Technical Services, Central Intelligence Agency; Al Brody, Office of Inspector General, Central Intelligence Agency; Ernest Mayerfield, Office of General Counsel, Central Intelligence Agency, and George Cary, Legislative Counsel, Central Intelligence Agency ---------------------------Philip Goldman, former employee, Central Intelligence Agency ------John Gittinger, former employee, Central Intelligence Agency --------Appendix A.-XVII. Testing and Use of Chemical and Biological Agents by the Intelligence Community ----------------------------------Appendix B.-Documents Referring to Discovery of Additional MKULTRA Material ------------------------------------------------------Appendix C.-Documents Referring to Subprojects --------------------Material Submitted for the Record: . Psychological Assessments ---------------------------------------"Truth" Drugs in Interrogation -------------------